Seborrheic Keratosis/Keratoses - Warts

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Seborrheic keratoses are common superficial skin tumors made up of immature superficial skin cells and sometimes referred to as warts. They usually develop after the age of 50, but they can also appear in young adulthood. There is a genetic predisposition to develop a high number of seborrheic keratoses, although the precise inheritance pattern is unknown. Their cause is unknown but UV radiation/sun exposure or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are suspected. They have well defined borders and are well-demarcated, round or oval skin lesions with a dull, uneven cauliflower like surface and a typical stuck-on appearance. Over time they can grow and become darker in color. Virtually everyone will have these if they live long enough.

They generally do not cause any symptoms, but chronic irritation due to friction trauma may occasionally cause itching, pain, or bleeding. The diagnosis of seborrheic keratosis is usually based on their appearance of being "stuck on," warty, distinctly margined, often scaly dark superficial skin lesions located most commonly on the trunk, face, and upper extremities but they can occur anywhere that you have skin including the scalp. Since they are benign and slow growing health insurance does not cover their removal unless there is a suspicion of skin cancer or the keratosis becomes infected etc. While most are clearly visible as keratoses some keratoses are hard to differentiate from a cancer in which case a biopsy is required to know for sure.

The most common treatment is freezing (cryotherapy) followed by shaving, excision, electrodessication (burning with an electric current) or burning it off with a laser. Other than shaving or excision the other methods of treatment destroy the tissue so a definitive diagnosis under the microscope is not possible. Also each of these methods of removal leave a scar. Cryotherapy also removes skin pigment leaving you with a visible white spot so its use is limited in darker skinned individuals.

A new treatment has recently been FDA approved and is now available in the US.

Eskata is a 40% hydrogen peroxide solution dispensed in a pen brush applicator. 2 applications (4 times each 1 minute apart per visit) 2 to 3 weeks apart completely removes most seborrheic keratoses  and the results I have seen are remarkable. It is like a pencil eraser for keratoses. The most common side effects of ESKATA include itching, stinging, crusting, swelling, redness and scaling. It is only available in doctors' offices for application by doctors wearing gloves because it cannot be applied to mucous membranes, causes significant scarring if applied to normal skin and is extremely dangerous if it gets in/on your eyes.

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Dr. Aaron Stone - Plastic Surgeon Los Angeles
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#FatGrafting vs. #ChinImplant

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According to American Society of Plastic Surgeons procedural statistics

between 2000 and 2016 there was a 6% decrease in all cosmetic surgery performed but a 38% decrease in the number of chin operations performed. Between 2013 and 2016 there was a 14% increase in all cosmetic surgery but a 13% decrease in the number of chin augmentation operations. 78% of that decrease were women. Clearly chin surgery is becoming less popular especially for women.

Cosmetic Surgery After Splenectomy

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The spleen  is located in the left upper abdomen under the rib cage.

The spleen's key function is the removal of old red blood cells (RBCs), defective circulating blood cells, and circulating bacteria. In addition, the spleen helps maintain normal red blood cell appearance by processing immature red blood cells, removing their nuclei, and changing the shape of the cellular membrane. Other functions of the spleen include the removal of nuclear remnants of red blood cells, denatured hemoglobin, and iron granules and the manufacture of opsonins (properdin and tuftsin). It is recognized as the host for immune cells essential for antibody production and filters out blood impurities, particularly encapsulated bacteria. It also functions as a secondary source of red blood cells if the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient red blood cells. The spleen can become enlarged  in a variety of conditions such as malaria, mononucleosis and most commonly in cancers of the lymphatics, such as lymphomas or leukemia. A very large spleen is prone to rupture resulting in severe blood loss.

Thyroid Disease (Hypo and hyper Thyroidism) and Plastic Surgery

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The function of the thyroid gland in the neck is to take iodine, found in many foods, and convert it into thyroid hormones: thyroxine (T4 with 4 iodine atoms) and triiodothyronine (T3 with 3 iodine atoms) by combining it with the amino acid tyrosine. The normal thyroid gland produces about 80% T4 and about 20% T3 and T4 is mostly converted to T3 in the liver and kidneys. T3 is over 3 times more potent than T4. Thyroid cells are the only cells in the body which can absorb iodine. Iodine deficiency historically common inland and associated with the lack of food originating in the sea causes the thyroid gland to swell forming goiters. Worldwide, over 90% of goiter cases are caused by iodine deficiency.