Cosmetic Surgery in Patients Taking Steroids

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Steroids refers to a broad group of chemicals produced by the body and drugs or medications with a spectrum of properties. All steroids have a common 4 ring chemical structure with side attachments that change its name and properties giving rise to everything from testosterone to bile, estrogen, estradiol, progesterone, prednisone, decadron etc. Most of these are found in nature produced by animals or plants but some can only be made synthetically in a lab. There are 2 main categories sex hormones and corticosteroids with subcategories that apply to each.

Categories (subcategories)	Functional Regulation	Examples
Sex hormones-androgens (anabolic steroids) and estrogens	sex differences, puberty, reproduction, muscle and bone metabolism, fat metabolism and distribution	Testosterone, Androstenedione, Estrogen, Progesterone, Estradiol, Medrogestone, Methylprednisolone
Corticosteroids
Glucocorticoids	sugar metabolism, immune function (reduce inflammation), healing, fetal development in the womb	Cortisol, Prednisone, Dexamethasone
Mineralocorticoids	blood volume and pressure, kidney function, water balance	Aldosterone, Fludrocortisone

Coolsculpt Cryolipolysis (Freezing Fat) Can Make You Fatter

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Studies freezing fat in order to remove it without surgery were first done in 2008. Since then Cryolipolysis has become the most popular noninvasive fat reduction procedure in the world. Cryolipolysis involves the noninvasive cooling of fat to selectively kill fat cells without injuring surrounding non-fat tissue. These cells slowly dissolve and gradually release the fat contained within them. It takes 2-4 months for this process to reduce the fat layer and the results of a cryolipolysis treatment become visible. A just published review of patients undergoing the procedure between 2013 and 2016 revealed that as many as 1 out of every 138 cryolipolysis treatments has the opposite effect. Those patients develop paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (PAH) i.e. the fat in the treated area grows larger becoming noticeable up to 3 months following the treatment. There have been no described cases of this resolving on its own.

The combination of suction and cold in #coolsculpting initiates an inflammatory response in some individuals most likely in response to dying fat cells resulting in enlargement and/or proliferation of the adjacent fat cells. It is currently unclear if this is mostly due to machine settings, genetic predisposition or technical aspects of the treatment. While inflamed the pinched fat feels hard and may be tender to pinch. It takes 6 to 9 months after the initial coolsculpting treatment for the inflammation to resolve and the fat to soften on pinch. The treatment for PAH is standard surgical liposuction but if the surgery is performed before the fat softens/inflammation resolves it will only stimulate the fat to grow even more. Unfortunately more than 1 liposuction treatment may be required, liposuction that employs heat (laser assisted liposuction, Vaser...) compound the problem and

paradoxical adipose hyperplasia after coolsculpting that has stretched the skin

if this occurs on the abdomen it can stretch the skin turning a patient for whom liposuction would have been sufficient before coolsculpting to someone who requires an abdominoplasty/tummy tuck after coolsculpting.

The incidence of PAH after coosculpting is high enough that it should be on the consent forms for the treatments to meet the definition of informed consent for the treatments.

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Liposuction and its variants tumescent liposuction, superficial liposuction, smartlipo, power assisted liposuction, microliposculpture, smartlipo
Dr. Aaron Stone - Plastic Surgeon Los Angeles
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Armpit Rolls and Tail of the Breast

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Armpit Rolls

Armpit rolls are folds of skin and fat that lie at the upper front edge of the armpit. They make some women self conscious about wearing spaghetti strap tops or strapless dresses and bras. Their presence can be independent of breast size or patient weight

Armpit Rolls Are Independent of Breast Size as Seen Before and After Breast Reduction Surgery